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Globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness between countries around the world. This includes trade, investment, communication, and cul…

Aristotle called it the “master science” because it influences all aspects of human life.  Earnest Barker termed it architectonic, as he perceived it…

UPSC CSE Mains 2023 PSIR Optional Questions PAPER - I SECTION-A 1. Comment on the following in about 150 words each: 10×5-50 (a) Normative approach i…

Plato's political philosophy was heavily influenced by the circumstances of his time. The Peloponnesian War, the execution of Socrates, and the p…

Socrates' theory of knowledge is a foundational concept in Western philosophy. It is based on the idea that true knowledge is permanent and uncha…

Ancient Greece was a collection of city-states that were independent from each other. Each city-state had its own government, laws, and military. The…

PSIR Optional Booklist  An Introduction to Political Theory by O. P. GUABA Political Ideologies: Heywood  A History Of Political Thought: Plato To Ma…

UPSC CSE Mains PSIR OPTIONAL Topic-wise PYQs UPSC Civil Service Examination, Political Science and International Relations Optional Subject Topic-wis…