India adopted a parliamentary system of government, which is a significant feature of the British Constitution. The Indian system mirrors the British model, with a President as the ceremonial head of state and a Prime Minister as the head of government. The Indian Parliament, like the British Parliament, is bicameral, consisting of the Lok Sabha (House of the People) and the Rajya Sabha (Council of States), similar to the House of Commons and the House of Lords in the UK.
The concept of the rule of law, central to the British legal system, is also enshrined in the Indian Constitution. The supremacy of the Constitution, equality before the law, and the protection of individual rights are principles that reflect British legal traditions.
India's Cabinet system, where the executive power is exercised by the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers, is directly influenced by the British Cabinet system. The Indian Cabinet is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha, similar to how the British Cabinet is responsible to the House of Commons.
The structure of the Indian Parliament, with its two houses, was influenced by the British model. The Lok Sabha, representing the people, and the Rajya Sabha, representing the states, are analogous to the House of Commons and the House of Lords in the UK.
The role of the Indian President is largely ceremonial, similar to that of the British monarch. The President's functions are akin to those of the British monarch, with real political power resting with the Prime Minister and the Parliament.
The Indian Constitution enshrines fundamental rights and freedoms, reflecting principles found in the British legal tradition. Rights such as equality before the law, protection of personal liberties, and the right to justice are shared values between the two systems.
Despite these influences, the Indian Constitution is distinct, designed to meet the needs of a diverse and independent India. It includes unique provisions that address the specific social, cultural, and economic contexts of India. The document has evolved over time to uphold the values of justice, equality, and individual freedoms, making it a cornerstone of the world's largest democracy.