Consider the following countries :
1. Italy
2. Japan
3. Nigeria
4. South Korea
5. South Africa
Which of the above countries are frequently mentioned in the media for their low birth rates, or ageing population or declining population?
(a). 1, 2 and 4
(b). 1, 3 and 5
(c). 2 and 4 only
(d). 3 and 5 only
Explanation:
Countries like Italy, Japan, and South Korea are frequently mentioned in the media for their low birth rates and ageing populations. These countries have faced a decline in fertility rates for several decades, leading to a shrinking workforce and an increasing burden on social security systems.
Italy: Struggles with a low birth rate and an ageing population.
Japan: Has the world's second-largest ageing population and a very low birth rate.
South Korea: Has the world's lowest fertility rate, raising concerns about its future population.
Nigeria and South Africa have different demographic trends:
Nigeria: Has a high fertility rate and a young population.
South Africa: Has a moderate fertility rate, but faces challenges like HIV/AIDS which can impact life expectancy.
The correct answer is Option (a).