Essay Questions - UPSC CSE Mains 1995 to 2023

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 1995

1. Politics without ethic is a disaster.

2. The New emerging woman-power:the ground realities.

3. When money speaks, the truth is silent.

4. Whither Indian Democracy?

5. Restructuring of Indian education system. 

6. Disinterested Intellectual curiousity is the life-blood of real civilization. 

7. Our deeds determine us, as much as we determine our deeds. 


1996 

1. Literacy is growing very fast but there is no corresponding growth in education. 

2. Restructuring of the U.N.O. to reflect present realities. 

3. New cults and godmen: a threat to traditional religions.

4. The V.I.P. cult is bane of Indian democracy.

5. Need for transparency in Public Administration.

6. Truth is lived, not taught. 


1997 

1. What we have not learnt during fifty years of independence. 

2. Judicial activism. 

3. Greater political power alone will not improve women's plight. 

4. True religion can not be misused. 

5. The modern doctor and his patients.

6. Urbanization is a blessing in disguise. 


1998 

1. The composite culture of India.

2. Woman is God's best creation.

3. The misinterpretation and misuse of freedom in India.

4. India's contribution to world wisdom. 

5. The language problem in India : Its past, present and prospects. 

6. The world of the twenty-first century. 


1999 

1. Women's empowerment : Challenges and prospects.

2. The youth culture today.

3. Mass media and culture invasion.

4. Resource management in the Indian context.

5. Value-based science and education.

6. Reservations, politics and empowerment. 


2000 

1. Why should we be proud of being Indians?

2. The cyberworld : its charms and challenges. 

3. The country's need for a better disaster management system. 

4. Indian culture today : a myth or a reality? 

5. The implications of globalisation for India.

6. Modernism and our traditional socio-ethical values. 


2001 

1. What have we gained from our democratic set-up?

2. My vision of an ideal world order.

3. The march of science and the erosion of human values. 

4. Irrelevance of the classroom.

5. The pursuit of excellence.

6. Empowerment alone can not help our women. 


2002 

1. Modern Technological Education and human values.

2. Search for Truth can only be a spiritual problem.

3. If youth knew, if age could.

4. The paths of glory lead but to the grave.

5. Privatisation of Higher Education in India.

6. Responsibility of media in a democracy. 


2003 

1. The Masks of New Imperialism.

2. How far has democracy in India delivered the goods?

3. How should a civil servant conduct himself?

4. As civilization advances, culture declines. 

5. There is nothing either good or bad but thinking makes it so. 

6. Spirituality and Scientific temper. 


2004 

1. India's Role in Promoting ASEAN Co-operation.

2. Judicial Activism and Indian Democracy.

3. Whither Women's Emancipation?4. Globalisation and its impact on Indian Culture. 

5. The Lure of Space. 

6. Water Resources should be under the control of the Central Government. 


2005 

1. Justice must reach the poor.

2. The hand that rocks the cradle.

3. If women ruled the world.

4. What is real education?

5. Terrorism and world peace.

6. Food security for sustainable national development. 


2006 

1. Women Reservation Bill would usher in empowerment of women in India. 

2. Protection of Ecology and Environment is essential for sustained economic development. 

3. Importance of Indo-U.S. Nuclear Agreement. 

4. "Education For All" campaign in India: Myth or Reality.

5. Globalisation would finish smallscale industriesin India. 

6. Increasing computerisation would lead to the creation of a Dehumanised Society. 


2007 

1. Independent thinking should be encouraged right from the childhood. 

2. Evaluation of Panchayati Raj System in India from the point of view of eradication of poverty to power to people. 

3. Attitude makes habit, habit makes character and character makes a man. 

4. Is autonomy the best answer to combat balkanization? 

5. How has satellite television brought about cultural change in the Indian mindset? 

6. BPO boom in India. 


2008 

1. Role of the media in good governance.

2. National identity and patriotism.

3. Special Economic Zones: Boon or Bane.

4. Discipline means success, anarchy means ruin.

5. Urbanisation and its hazards.

6. Is an egalitarian society possible by educating the masses? 


2009 

1. Are our traditional handicrafts doomed to a slow death?

2. Are we a 'soft' state? 

3. "The focus of health care is increasingly getting skewed towards the 'haves' of our society." 

4. "Good fences make good neighbours." 

5. 'Globalism' vs.'Nationalism'. 


2010 

1. Geography may remain the same; history need not. 

2. Should a moratorium be imposed on all fresh mining in tribal areas of the country? 

3. Preparedness of our society for India's global leadership role. 

4. From traditional Indian philanthropy to the Gates-Buffett model – a natural progression or a paradigm shift? 


2011 

1. Creation of smaller states and the consequent administrative, economic and developmental implications. 

2. Does Indian cinema shape our popular culture or merely reflect it? 

3. Credit-based higher education system– status, opportunities and challenges. 

4. In the Indian context, both human intelligence and technical intelligence are crucial in combating terrorism. 


2012 

1. In the context of Gandhiji's views on the matter, explore, on an evolutionary scale, the terms 'Swadhinata', 'Swaraj' and 'Dharmarajya'. Critically comment on their contem porary relevance to Indian democracy. 

2. Is the criticism that the 'Public-Private-Partnership' (PPP) model for development is more of a bane than a boon in the Indian context, justified? 

3. Science and Mysticism : Are they compatible? 

4. Managing work and home– is the Indian working woman getting a fair deal? 


2013 

1. Be the change you want to see in others– Gandhiji.

2. Is the Colonial mentality hindering India's success?

3. GDP (Gross Domestic Product) along with GDH (Gross Domestic Happiness) would be the right indices for judging the well-being of a country. 

4. Science and Technology is the panacea for the growth and security of the nation.  

2014 

SECTION–A

1. With greater power comes greater responsibility.

2. Is the growing level of competition good for the youth? 

3. Are the standardized tests good measure of academic ability or progress ? 

4. Words are sharper than the two-edged sword. 

SECTION–B 

1. Was it the policy paralysis or the paralysis of implementation which slowed the growth of our country? 

2. Is sting operation an invasion on privacy ? 

3. Fifty Golds in Olympics : Can this be a reality for India? 

4. Tourism : Can this be the next big thing for India ? 


2015 

SECTION–A

1. Lending hands to someone is better than giving a dole.

2. Quick but steady wins the race.

3. Character of an institution is reflected in its leader. 

4. Education without values, as useful as it is, seems rather to make a man more clever devil. 

SECTION–B 

1. Technology cannot replace manpower.

2. Crisis faced in India – moral or economic.

3. Dreams which should not let India sleep.

4. Can capitalism bring inclusive growth? 

 

2016 

SECTION–A 

1. If development is not engendered, it is endangered

2. Need brings greed, if greed increases it spoils breed

3. Water disputes between States in federal India 

4. Innovation is the key determinant of economic growth and social welfare

SECTION–B 

1. Cooperative federalism : Myth or reality 

2. Cyberspace and Internet : Blessing or curse to the human civilization in the long run 

3. Near jobless growth in India : An anomaly or an outcome of economic reforms 

4. Digital economy : A leveller or a source of economic inequality

 

 2017 

SECTION–A 

1. Farming has lost the ability to be a source of subsistence for majority of farmers in India. 

2. Impact of the new economic measures on fiscal ties between the union and states in India. 

3. Destiny of a nation is shaped in its classrooms. 

4. Has the Non-Alignment Movement (NAM) lost its relevance in a multipolar world? 

SECTION–B 

1. Joy is the simplest form of gratitude.

2. Fulfilment of ‘new woman’ in India is a myth. 

3. We may brave human laws but cannot resist natural laws.

4. ‘Social media’ is inherently a selfish medium. 

 

2018 

SECTION–A 

1. Alternative technologies for a climate change resilient India. 

2. A good life is one inspired by love and guided by knowledge. 

3. Poverty anywhere is a threat to prosperity everywhere. 

4. Management of Indian border disputes – a complex task.

SECTION–B

5. Customary Morality cannot be a guide to modern life. 

6. The past is a permanent dimension of human consciousness and values. 

7. A people that values its privileges above its principles loses both. 

8. Reality does not conform to the ideal, but confirms it.


2019 

SECTION–A

1. Wisdom find truth 

2. Values are not what humanity is, but what humanity ought to be 

3. Best for an individual is not necessarily best for the society 

4. Courage to accept and dedication to improve are two keys to success 

SECTION–B 

5. South Asian societies are woven not around the state, but around their plural cultures and plural identities 

6. Neglect for primary health care and education in India are reasons for its backwardness 

7. Biased media is a real threat to Indian democracy 

8. Rise of Artificial Intelligence ; the threat of jobless future or better job opportunities through reskilling and upskilling 


2020 

SECTION–A 

1. Life is long journey between human being and being humane 

2. Mindful manifesto is the catalyst to a tranquil self 

3. Ships do not sink because of water around them, ships sink because of water that gets into them 

4. Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication 

SECTION–B

5. Culture is what we are, civilization is what we have 

6. There can be no social justice without economic prosperity but economic prosperity without social justice is meaningless 

7. Patriarchy is the least noticed yet the most significant structure of social inequality 

8. Technology is the silent factor in international relations


2021

SECTION–A 

1. The process of self-discovery has now been technologically outsourced. 

2. Your perception of me is a reflection of you; my reaction to you is an awareness of me. 

3. Philosophy of want lessness is Utopian, while materialism is a chimera. 

4. The real is rational and the rational is real. 

SECTION–B

5. Hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.

6. What is research, but a blind date with knowledge!

7. History repeats itself, first as a tragedy,second as a farce. 

8. There are better practices to “best practices.”


2022

SECTION-A

Q1. Forests are the best case studies for economic excellence.

Q2. Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world.

Q3. History is a series of victories won by the scientific man over the romantic man.

Q4. A ship in harbour is safe, but that is not what ship is for.

SECTION-B

Q5. The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining.

Q6. You cannot step twice in the same river.

Q7. A smile is the chosen vehicle for all ambiguities.

Q8. Just because you have a choice, it does not mean that any of them has to be right. 


2023

SECTION-A

Q1. Thinking is like a game, it does not begin unless there is an opposite team.

Q2. Visionary decision-making happens at the intersection of intuition and logic.

Q3. Not all who wander are lost.

Q4. Inspiration for creativity springs from the effort to look for the magical in the mundane. 

SECTION-B

Q5. Girls are weighed down by restrictions, boys with demands two equally harmful disciplines.

Q6. Mathematics is the music of reason 

Q7. A society that has more justice is a society that needs less charity.

Q8. Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school.


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