Bihar, with its rich history and diverse geography, offers a unique blend of cultural heritage and economic potential.
Physiography
- Plains: Occupy the middle part of the state.
- Bhabar Terai Regions: Located in the north.
- Central Highlands: Found in the southern part of Bihar.
Economy
- Minerals: Pyrite is among the minerals found in the state.
- Patna: Situated along the Ganga, Kosi, and Gandak rivers, known for Jaladurga (Water fort).
- Begusarai: Recognized as the industrial city of Bihar.
- Barauni: Hosts petrochemical refineries.
- Bhagalpur: Famous for its silk textiles.
- Nalanda: The site of an ancient university.
- Bodh Gaya: Home to the Mahabodhi temple complex, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- Sasaram: Known for the Tomb of Sher Shah.
- Madhubani: Renowned for its traditional paintings.
- Raxaul: An important Indo-Nepal border checkpost.
Protected Areas
- Valmiki Tiger Reserve and National Park: The river Gandak flows through this reserve.
- Kaimur Wildlife Sanctuary: Another significant protected area in the state.
Tribes
- Indigenous Communities: Santhal, Oraon, and Munda are some of the tribes that enrich Bihar's cultural diversity.
The economy of Bihar is one of the fastest-growing in India, largely service-based with significant agricultural and industrial sectors. The state's GDP was ₹9.77 lakh crore (US$120 billion) for the year 2024–25. Bihar also contributes significantly to India's litchi production, accounting for 71 percent of the annual yield.
Bihar's geography and economy are intricately linked, with the state's natural resources and cultural sites playing a crucial role in its development and identity.