The Narmada River is one of India's most significant rivers, with a rich cultural and geographical presence. Here are the details you mentioned, expanded with additional information:
- Source: The Narmada originates from the Amarkantak Plateau in the Anuppur district of Madhya Pradesh.
- Boundary: It is traditionally considered the boundary between North India and South India.
- Mouth: The river flows westward for about 1,312 kilometers (815 miles) and empties into the Gulf of Khambhat (Arabian Sea), near Bharuch in Gujarat.
- Flow: It is indeed the longest west-flowing river in India and one of the few rivers in the world that flows in a rift valley, formed by the Vindhya and Satpura ranges.
- States: The Narmada flows through the states of Madhya Pradesh (MP), Maharashtra (MH), and Gujarat (GJ).
Geology and Ecology
The Narmada River flows through a rift valley, which is a linear-shaped lowland between several highlands or mountain ranges created by the action of a geologic rift or fault. This unique feature distinguishes it from many other rivers, which typically flow through sloped plains.
Cultural Significance
The Narmada is deeply revered in Hindu mythology and is considered the daughter of Lord Shiva. Many pilgrims perform a Parikrama or circumambulation of the river, walking along both banks of the river from source to sea and back, which is considered a meritorious act.
Dams and Development
The river has been at the center of several development projects, including the Sardar Sarovar Dam, which is one of the largest dams on the Narmada and part of the Narmada Valley Project, aimed at providing drinking water, irrigation, and hydroelectric power.
Biodiversity
The Narmada basin supports a rich variety of flora and fauna, including some endangered species. The river's clean and fresh water also supports a diverse fish population, which is crucial for the livelihood of many local fishermen.
The Narmada, with its historical significance and vital role in the ecology and economy of the region, continues to be a lifeline for the states it flows through.