(Difficult) The concept of habeas corpus originates from which legal system? a) Roman Law b) Common Law c) Islamic Law d) Hindu Law
(Moderate) In the Minerva Mills case (1980), the Supreme Court expanded the scope of which fundamental right by bringing the right to life under Article 21 to include the right to livelihood? a) Right to Equality b) Right to Freedom c) Right against Exploitation d) Cultural and Educational Rights
(Difficult) What is the doctrine of proportionality used in the context of restricting fundamental rights? a) It ensures that any restriction is necessary to achieve a legitimate aim. b) It requires the least restrictive means to be used for achieving the aim. c) It balances the rights of individuals with the interests of the State. d) All of the above
(Moderate) How can the suspension of fundamental rights during a national emergency be challenged in court? a) Through a writ petition under Article 32. b) By filing a public interest litigation (PIL). c) Only through judicial review after the emergency is lifted. d) None of the above
(Difficult) What is the significance of the judgment in the Maneka Gandhi case (1978) regarding the right to freedom of speech and expression? a) It established the freedom of the press as an essential part of this right. b) It introduced the concept of the "chilling effect" on free speech. c) It laid down the test for reasonable restrictions on this right. d) All of the above
Answer Key:
- b) Common Law
- c) Right against Exploitation
- d) All of the above
- a) Through a writ petition under Article 32.
- d) All of the above