In a federal model, the national government is known as the Federal government or the Central government or the Union government.
Federal polity= different tiers of Government working independently and governing same set of people simultaneously.
Bicameral legislature can exit is countries with unitary features. Ex. Britain.
Federalism helps in reconciling national unity with regional autonomy.
‘federation’ word has nowhere been used in the Constitution rather ‘union of states’.
In a federal country, States do not have right to break away from union.
In confederation states can break away from union.
Indian federal system is based on the ‘Canadian model’ and not on the ‘American model’.
The Rajya Sabha represents the states of Indian Federation, while the Lok Sabha represents the people of India as a whole.
States in India have no right to territorial integrity, it can be changed by Parliament through CAA with simple majority.
USA follow doctrine of equal federalism (symmetric federalism with all states having equal representation in senate i.e. 2 members from each state).
India follow unequal federalism(asymmetric federalism where seats are allocated based on population Ex UP: 31 RS seats and Nagaland just 1.)
Federalism is ‘basic feature’ of the constitution i.e. Parliament can’t amend constitution and change it into unitary.
